Babesiose canina: Revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Canine babesiosis is a disease caused by a protozoan transmitted mainly through Rhipicephalus sanguineus and blood transfusions contaminated by the agent Babesia sp., capable of infecting the cells of the hematopoietic system (red blood cells). It is a disease that commonly causes hemolytic anemia in dogs. Affected animals often present apathy, weight loss, fever, diarrhea, anorexia, and lymphadenopathy, and may present in subclinical, hyperacute, acute, or chronic forms, negatively affecting the health of the animals. To diagnose the disease, the use of serological methods, blood smears, and molecular methods (PCR) are alternatives, each of which has its own particularities for each phase of the disease. Once diagnosed, the animal must undergo supportive treatment associated with the use of drugs that combat the protozoan, thus ensuring a more effective recovery. Diagnosing and treating the disease early makes the prognosis more favorable, thus avoiding the chances of complications from the disease. Controlling the vector both in the animal and in the environment in which it lives is essential to minimize the risk of contagion of the disease, preventing the spread of the agent. The objective of this review is to report on the involvement of dogs by babesiosis, covering the epidemiology, clinical changes, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention.