Síndrome da reabsorção odontoclástica e hipercementose equina: Revisão de literatura

Abstract

Equine odontoclastic resorption and hypercementosis syndrome (EOTRH) is a painful and progressive condition that affects the incisor and canine teeth of geriatric horses. Since its etiopathogenesis has not yet been fully resolved, this disease often ends up being underdiagnosed. Several theories of etiology have been considered for this disease, however, none of them have been fully accepted. Histologically, EOTRH presents with the resorption of tooth structures by odontoclasts, usually followed by the deposition of altered cementum, by odontoblasts, cementoblasts and fibroblasts. To diagnose this syndrome, a detailed clinical oral examination and the use of radiographic examination are necessary, since the signs may often not be visible at the beginning of the disease. Clinical signs are varied, and range from pain and lack of food apprehension with incisors, to more serious changes, such as changes in the angles of the incisors and tooth fractures. On radiographs, it is possible to observe resorption changes in the teeth, with lysis of the reserve crown and root and proliferative changes, such as deposition of cementum and expansion of the alveolar bone. In addition, alveolitis, osteomyelitis and periodontal changes are also found. There is no effective treatment for EOTRH, and extraction of the affected teeth is almost always indicated.